
Contaminants Treated with Hepure Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) Products
Hepure’s products have been proven to treat contaminants, such as chlorinated solvents, pesticides, energetics, petroleum hydrocarbons, and metals. Our products are effective on most of the contaminants that USEPA has designated as emerging contaminants or CECs (Contaminants of Emerging Concern), such as PFASs, PBDE’s, TCP, TNT, RDX and Perchlorates.
From the USEPA’s Technical Fact Sheets:
- PBDEs—Laboratory study investigated zero valent iron (ZVI) as a treatment method for decaBDE. Secondary treatment using cationic surfactants may be required to increase the availability of PBDE molecules for reactions with ZVI (Keum and Li 2005).
- TCP—Bench-scale tests using zero-valent iron have shown limited degradation of TCP in saturated soil and groundwater (Sarathy and others 2010; Tratnyek and others 2008, 2010).
For more information see https://www.epa.gov/fedfac/emerging-contaminants-and-federal-facility-contaminants-concern
ZVI
Zero-valent iron (ZVI) has been used to treat contaminated soil and groundwater for more than two decades. Through research, development, and field experience ZVI technology has become increasingly understood, and accepted for the treatment of a wide variety of contaminants (see Table below). Since the installation of the first full-scale PRB in Sunnyvale, CA in 1995, more than 200 PRBs have been installed in North America, Europe, and elsewhere. Since entering the environmental remediation market in 2000 with it’s Ferox™ injection technology, Hepure’s ZVI reactive iron powders have become the most widely used micron-scale iron powders in the market, with documented successful outcomes in hundreds of sites through in-situ injection.
Contaminants Degraded by ZVI
Group | Contaminant | Other Names |
---|---|---|
Chlorinated methanes | Dichloromethane Tetrachloromethane Chloroform Chloromethane | Freon 30, DCM Freon 10, Halon 104 Freon 20, TCM Freon 40, Methyl chloride |
Trihalomethanes | Bromodichloromethane Tribromomethane Dibromochloromethane Trichloronitromethane | Dichlorobromomethane Bromoform Chlorodibromomethane Chloropicrin |
Chlorinated ethanes | 1,1-Dichloroethane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Hexachloroethane | 1,1-DCA, Ethylidene dichloride TCA, Methyl chloroform PCA |
Chlorinated ethenes | Tetrachloroethene Trichloroethene 1,1-Dichloroethene Trans-1,2-Dichloroethene Cis-1,2-Dichloroethene Chloroethene | PCE, Perchlorethene TCE DCE t-DCE c-DCE VC, Vinyl chloride |
Chlorinated benzenes | Chlorobenzene Dichlorobenzene Trichlorobenzene Tetrachlorobenzene Pentachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene | Phenyl chloride Benzene tetrachloride PeCB HCB, Perchlorobenzene |
Other organics | Trichlorofluoroethane 1,2-Dibromoethane 1,1,2-Trichlortrifluorethane 1,2-Dichloropropane Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Perfluorooctanoic Acid 1,2,3-Trichloropropane Nitrobenzene Trinitroglycerin 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Dinitrotoluene Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine 2,3,4,5,6-Pentachlorophenol N,N-Dimethylnitrous amide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane Perchlorate Molinate Polychlorinated biphenyls Polybrominated diphenyl ethers Dioxins Dimethylnitrosamine | Freon 11 Freon 113 Propylene dichloride PFOS PFOA TCP Nitrobenzol TNG TNT, DNT DNT RDX PCP, Chlorophen NDMA DDT Lindane, HCH PCBs PBDEs |
Inorganics | Arsenic, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Mercury, Nickel, Selenium, Nitrates, Perchlorates, Sulphates, Uranium, Uranyl, Zinc |
Project Highlight
Chloropicrin ((trichloronitromethane) is a soil fumigant and pesticide, is a strong irritant to the lungs and eyes, and has been historically used as an agent of chemical warfare. Historical releases of chloropicrin at a former chemical facility resulted in an area of chloropicrin impacts in soil and groundwater. Chloropicrin was detected in low-permeability soils in both the vadose and saturated zones at high concentrations. A treatability study demonstrated that ZVI was effective at treating the highest concentrations observed at the Site to below the cleanup standard. Based on these results, a remedial approach was developed for the saturated zone consisting of ZVI injection in higher concentration areas. Full-scale results have shown rapid removal to below treatment goals.