what can be treated with zvi

Contaminants Treated with Hepure Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) Products

Hepure’s products have been proven to treat contaminants, such as chlorinated solvents, pesticides, energetics, petroleum hydrocarbons, and metals.  Our products are effective on most of the contaminants that USEPA has designated as emerging contaminants or CECs (Contaminants of Emerging Concern), such as PFASs, PBDE’s, TCP, TNT, RDX and Perchlorates.

From the USEPA’s Technical Fact Sheets:

  • PBDEs—Laboratory study investigated zero valent iron (ZVI) as a treatment method for decaBDE. Secondary treatment using cationic surfactants may be required to increase the availability of PBDE molecules for reactions with ZVI (Keum and Li 2005).
  • TCP—Bench-scale tests using zero-valent iron have shown limited degradation of TCP in saturated soil and groundwater (Sarathy and others 2010; Tratnyek and others 2008, 2010).

For more information see https://www.epa.gov/fedfac/emerging-contaminants-and-federal-facility-contaminants-concern

ZVI

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) has been used to treat contaminated soil and groundwater for more than two decades.  Through research, development, and field experience ZVI technology has become increasingly understood, and accepted for the treatment of a wide variety of contaminants (see Table below).  Since the installation of the first full-scale PRB in Sunnyvale, CA in 1995, more than 200 PRBs have been installed in North America, Europe, and elsewhere. Since entering the environmental remediation market in 2000 with it’s Ferox™ injection technology, Hepure’s ZVI reactive iron powders have become the most widely used micron-scale iron powders in the market, with documented successful outcomes in hundreds of sites through in-situ injection.

Contaminants Degraded by ZVI

GroupContaminantOther Names
Chlorinated methanesDichloromethane Tetrachloromethane Chloroform ChloromethaneFreon 30, DCM
Freon 10, Halon 104
Freon 20, TCM
Freon 40, Methyl chloride
TrihalomethanesBromodichloromethane
Tribromomethane Dibromochloromethane
Trichloronitromethane
Dichlorobromomethane
Bromoform Chlorodibromomethane
Chloropicrin
Chlorinated ethanes1,1-Dichloroethane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Hexachloroethane
1,1-DCA, Ethylidene dichloride TCA, Methyl chloroform


PCA
Chlorinated ethenesTetrachloroethene Trichloroethene 1,1-Dichloroethene
Trans-1,2-Dichloroethene Cis-1,2-Dichloroethene Chloroethene
PCE, Perchlorethene TCE
DCE
t-DCE c-DCE
VC, Vinyl chloride
Chlorinated benzenesChlorobenzene Dichlorobenzene Trichlorobenzene Tetrachlorobenzene Pentachlorobenzene HexachlorobenzenePhenyl chloride


Benzene tetrachloride PeCB
HCB, Perchlorobenzene
Other organicsTrichlorofluoroethane 1,2-Dibromoethane
1,1,2-Trichlortrifluorethane 1,2-Dichloropropane
Perfluorooctane Sulfonate
Perfluorooctanoic Acid
1,2,3-Trichloropropane

Nitrobenzene Trinitroglycerin
2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Dinitrotoluene
Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine

2,3,4,5,6-Pentachlorophenol N,N-Dimethylnitrous amide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane
Perchlorate
Molinate
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

Dioxins
Dimethylnitrosamine
Freon 11
Freon 113 Propylene dichloride
PFOS
PFOA
TCP

Nitrobenzol TNG

TNT, DNT
DNT
RDX


PCP, Chlorophen NDMA
DDT
Lindane, HCH
PCBs
PBDEs

InorganicsArsenic, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Mercury, Nickel, Selenium, Nitrates, Perchlorates, Sulphates, Uranium, Uranyl, Zinc
* Emerging Contaminants and Federal Facility Contaminants of Concern

Project Highlight

Full-scale treatment of Chloropicrin

Chloropicrin ((trichloronitromethane) is a soil fumigant and pesticide, is a strong irritant to the lungs and eyes, and has been historically used as an agent of chemical warfare. Historical releases of chloropicrin at a former chemical facility resulted in an area of chloropicrin impacts in soil and groundwater. Chloropicrin was detected in low-permeability soils in both the vadose and saturated zones at high concentrations. A treatability study demonstrated that ZVI was effective at treating the highest concentrations observed at the Site to below the cleanup standard. Based on these results, a remedial approach was developed for the saturated zone consisting of ZVI injection in higher concentration areas.  Full-scale results have shown rapid removal to below treatment goals.